I need these questions answered in 120 words each with individual references Read Chapters 1, 2, and 6 in . Read “Smoking and Carcinoma of the Lung,” by Doll and ll, from (1950). URL: Read “The Training of Epidemiologists and Diversity in Epidemiology: Findings from the 2006 Congress of Epidemiology Survey,” by Carter-Pokras et al., from (2009). URL: Watch “Epidemiology the Backbone of Public Health,” by Greg Martin (2017), located on the YouTube website. URL: Read “The Framingham Study: ITS 50-Year Legacy and Future Promise,” by Kannel, from (2000). URL: Read “Epidemiological Background and Design: The Framingham Study,” located on the Framingham Heart Study website. URL: Read “Epidemiological Approaches to Heart Disease: The Framingham Study,” by Dawber, Meadors, and Moore, from (1951). URL: View “Global Disease Detectives,” by the Center for Global Health (2013), located on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website. URL: Read “Section 2: storical Evolution of Epidemiology,” from Lesson 1 of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) self-study course, (2012), located on the CDC website. URL: Explore the CDC Current Outbreak List page of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website. URL: Explore the Epidemic Intelligence Service page of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website. URL: Explore the (MMWR), located on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website. URL: Read Chapters 3-5 and 18 in . Read “Types of Surveillance,” located on the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine website. URL: Read “WHO Report on Global Surveillance of Epidemic-Prone Infectious Diseases – Introduction,” located on the World Health Organization (WHO) website. URL: Read “CDC 24-7 Fact of the Week,” located on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website. URL: Read “Two by Two Tables,” by Sullivan, Dean, and Pezzullo, from (2013), located on the OpenEpi website. URL: Read “Goodness of Measurement: Reliability and Validity,” by Bajpai and Bajpai, from (2014). URL: Use the “Compendium of Acute Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases,” located on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website, to assist in completing the Oswego Outbreak Case story assignment. URL: View “How to Create an Epidemic Curve,” by Martin (2016), located on the YouTube website. URL: View “Know How to Interpret an Epidemic Curve?” by Martin (2017), located on the YouTube website. URL: Explore the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) page of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website. URL: Explore Public Health Surveillance and Data page of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website. URL: Read Chapters 14 and 15 in . Read “Association or Causation: Evaluating Links Between ‘Environment and Disease,’” by Lucas and McMichael (2005), located on the World Health Organization website. URL: Read “Weak Associations in Epidemiology: Importance, Detection, and Interpretation,” by Doll, from (1996). URL: Read “Causal Inference Based on Counterfactuals,” by Hofler (2005), located on the BioMed Central website. URL: Read “Multicausality: Confounding,” by Schoenbach (2004), located on the Epidemilog.net website. URL: View “Sensitivity and Specificity – Explained in 3 Minutes,” by Martin (2014), located on the YouTube website. URL: View “The Relationship Between Incidence and Prevalence,” by Patwari (2013), located on the YouTube website. URL: Use the “Creating a 2×2 Contingency Table” resource to assist with the completion of the Measuring Morbidity: Prevalence and Incidence assignment, as needed. Read Chapters 7-9 in . View “Randomized Control Trials and Confounding,” by Martin (2013), located on the YouTube website. URL: Read “2020 LHI Topics,” located on the Healthy People 2020 website. URL: Complete the “Multicaus
ality: Confounding – Assignment,” by Schoenbach (2001), located on the Epidemilog.netwebsite. URL: Refer to the “Multicausality: Confounding – Assignment Solutions,” by Schoenbach (2001), located on the Epidemilog.netwebsite, to check your answers to the assignment. URL: Read “Understanding Controlled Trials: Why Are Randomized Controlled Trials Important?” by Sibbald and Roland, from (1998). URL: Read Chapter 10 in . View “Cohort and Case Control Studies,” by Martin (2013), located on the YouTube website. URL: Read “Introduction to Study Designs – Cross-Sectional Studies,” located on the Health Knowledge website. URL: Read “Cross-Sectional Studies,” from (2012), located on the Gillings School of Global Public Health -University of North Carolina website. URL: Read “Section 7: Analytic Epidemiology,” from Lesson 1 of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) self-study course, (2012), located on the CDC website. URL: Review Chapter 14, and read Chapters 11-13 in . Read “Causation in Epidemiology: Association and Causation,” located on the Health Knowledge website. URL: Read “Section 5: Measures of Association,” from Lesson 3 of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) self-study course, (2012), located on the CDC website. URL: Use the “BRFSS Web Enabled Analysis Tool,” located on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website, to complete the topic assignment. URL: Review “Multicausality: Confounding,” by Schoenbach (2004), located on the Epidemilog.net website. URL: View “How to Calculate Relative Risk,” by Shaneyfelt (2012), located on the YouTube website. URL: View “How to Calculate an Odds Ratio,” by Shaneyfelt (2012), located on the YouTube website. URL: Read Chapters 17, 19, and 20 in . Read “Health Inequalities Among British Civil Servants: The Whitehall II Study,” by Marmot and Smith, from (1991). URL: Read “The Role of Epidemiology in Disaster Response Policy Development,” by Thorpe et al., from (2015). URL: Read “Prescription Drug Abuse: From Epidemiology to Public Policy,” by McHugh, Nielsen, and Weiss, from (2015). URL: Read “The Role Epidemiology in Evidence-Based Policy Making: A Case Study of Tobacco Use in Youth,” by Aldrich et al., from (2015). URL: Read “Epidemiology, Policy, and Racial/Ethnic Minority Health Disparities,” by Carter-Pokras et al., from (2012). URL: Read “Epidemiology and Public Policies,” by Barata, from (2013). URL: Read “Ethical Issues in Epidemiologic Research and Public Health Practice,” by Coughlin, from (2006). URL: Explore the “Viral Hepatitis Epidemiologic Profiles” map, located on the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) website, to assist with topic assignment.URL: Use the “BRFSS Web Enabled Analysis Tool,” located on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website, to complete the topic assignment. URL: Review the “Belmont Report,” by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research (1979), located on the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services – Office for Human Research Protections website. URL: Explore the resources on “Health Data Tools and Statistics,” located on the PHPartners website. URL: Explore “Surveillance, Epidemiology and the End Results Program,” from the National Cancer Institute.URL: Explore the STEPwise Approach to Surveillance (STEPS) page of the World Health Organization (WHO) website. URL: Read Chapter 16 in . Read “Gene-Environment Interaction,” located on the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences website. URL: Read “Defeating the ZIP Code Health Paradigm: Data, Technology, and Collaboration Are Key,” by Graham, Ostrowski, and Sabina, from the Health Affairs Blog (2015), located on the Health Affairs website. URL: Explore the CDC Wonder page of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website.URL: