Read the following journal article on youth gang offenders in Singapore: Chi Meng Chu, Michael Daffern, Stuart D.M. Thomas, Yaming Ang & Mavis Long (2013). âCriminal Attitudes and Psychopathic Personality Attributes of Youth Gang Offenders in Singaporeâ, Psychology, Crime & Law, DOI:10.1080/1068316X.2013.772182 at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2013.772182 As well as this article about a former youth gang member: Ling, L. B. (2019, October 16). âLife After Prison: After 6 Years of being in a gang, he is now pursuing a future in musicâ, MOSGTV at: https://mosg.tv/2018/10/16/life-after-prison-gang[ Based on information from both articles and applying three relevant theories on youth delinquency (Positivism, Deviant Subcultures, Social Disorganization), answer the following questions: a. Hypothesise to what extent deviant attitudes and personality characteristics could have already been present in local youths joining gangs or whether gang affiliation subsequently created delinquent attitudes. b. Critically analyse the potential impact of these inherent traits leading local youth to join gangs against societal influences and the role played by a criminogenic environment. c. Examine the current approach used in Singapore to deter and rehabilitate delinquent youth. Stemming from this examination, develop a potential intervention strategy based on local social control mechanisms and/or any other progressive social control strategies that might be effective in deterring Singaporean youth from joining gangs and helping to rehabilitate ex-gang members. d. Evaluate how much weight should be given to the idea that such youth were merely exhibiting youthful exuberance and they will naturally âgrow outâ of delinquency
as they mature. Student notes You should use course concepts and/or theories that are relevant to your discussion. You are not limited from using material studied in later segments of the course should you find any of them applicable. You should start your research by having a proper understanding of local criminal justice processes and strategies employed by relevant agencies dealing with youth delinquency and rehabilitation and the rationale behind these approaches. Subsequently you should also do some open source research about youth gangs in Singapore and cite any relevant case studies. Your choice of examples should focus on Singaporeâs context but may also include comparative illustrations of others. You must use credible references such as your course material, to define key concepts and/or theories. You are also expected to do additional research using academic journals (from databases such as JSTOR, SOCIndex and others in the libraryâs e-resources) and credible news sources from Factiva, Newslink, etc. Do NOT cite from generic sites such as www.sociology.com, CliffsNotes, Wikipedia, or online study guides from universities worldwide. You should write your answer as one coherent essay instead of breaking them into parts and employ effective signposting. Finally, remember to include in-text citations and a reference list in any social science citation format. One option is the APA style format available at http://www.apastyle.org. Alternatively, you may choose to use any other social science citation style. Make sure to stick to one style consistently. Write your answers in 1,500 words. Please remember to provide the word count, and list of references. Be sure to use appropriate academic sources, including your course materials.